ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืกื•ื•ื“ืจ ืžืฉืงื•ืœืช (ื’ื‘)

Single-Dumbbell Pullover (Back Focus) ยท ืžืชื ื•ื—ืช ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช

CaloNoteืฆืœืžื• ืชืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”-AI ื™ืจืฉื•ื ืืช ื”ืืจื•ื—ื”. ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื•ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืื—ืช.
ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ ื”ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ื

SINGLE-DUMBBELL PULLOVER (BACK FOCUS)

ืกื•ื•ื“ืจ ื”ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื’ื‘ ืื™ื ื• ืชืจื’ื™ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืคืœื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช, ืืœื ืชืจื’ื™ืœ ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืงืฉืช ืฉืœ ื”ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ืœ-lats.

ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืกื•ื•ื“ืจ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ ื‘ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ืžืฉืงื•ืœืช, ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื—ื–ืงืช ืžืฉืงื•ืœืช ืื—ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื“, ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื–ื” ืžื›ืกื” ื•ืจื™ืืฆื™ื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ืฆืขืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื›ื™ื‘ื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ืขืœ ืกืคืกืœ ืฉื˜ื•ื— ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื–ืงืช ื”ื“ื™ืกืง ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืงื•ืœืช ืื—ืช ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื–ืจื•ืข ื ืขื” ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืจืืฉ, ืœื ืจืง ื”-latissimus dorsi ื•-teres major, ืืœื ื’ื ื”ื—ื–ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืจืืฉ ื”ืืจื•ืš ืฉืœ ื”ืชืœืช ืจืืฉื™ ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื™ื—ื“, ื›ืš ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ. ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืžื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ื•ื“ืจ ืžืฉืงื•ืœืช, ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื—ื–ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-latissimus dorsi ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ืจื’ืข ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™. ืœื›ืŸ, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืกืชืžืš ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ืฉืœ 'ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ ื’ื‘' ื•ื›ืคื™ื™ืช ืขื•ืžืง ืžืจื‘ื™, ืžืขืฉื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ื›ืช ื”ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื• ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืฉื—ื™ ืชื•ืš ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ืžืจืคืง ื•ื”ื’ื•.

ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื
Latissimus dorsi ื•-teres major
ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ืžืฉื ื™ื™ื
Pectoralis major, serratus anterior, ืจืืฉ ืืจื•ืš ืฉืœ triceps brachii
ืจืžืช ืงื•ืฉื™
ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื โ€“ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™
ืกื•ื’ ืชื ื•ืขื”
ื”ืืจื›ืช ื›ืชืฃ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื›ื™ื‘ื”
ื”ื“ื’ืžืช ืชื ื•ืขื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ื•ื“ืจ ืžืฉืงื•ืœืช (ื’ื‘)

ื”ืื ืกื•ื•ื“ืจ ื”ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืชืจื’ื™ืœ ื’ื‘ ืื• ื—ื–ื”?

ืฉื ื™ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืงื•ืœืช ื”ืจืื• ื”ืคืขืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื–ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืืš ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื›ืœื™ืœ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืจื™ืืฆื™ื” ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืงื•ืœืช. ื“ืฃ ื–ื” ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืคืœื’ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ืืš ืื™ื ื• ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชืจื’ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ lat.

ืฉืœื‘ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœื‘

6 ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืœื—ื–ืจื” ืžืœืื” ืื—ืช

ืกื•ื•ื“ืจ ืžืฉืงื•ืœืช (ื’ื‘) โ€” ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืกืคืกืœ ื•ื”ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช
ืกืคืกืœ ืฉื˜ื•ื— ื•ื“ื ืฉื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืข ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจืฆืคื” ื•ื”ืจืคื™ื“ื” ืื™ื ื” ื—ืœืงื”. ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื ื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ื™ืกืงื™ื ืžืชื ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืื• ืžืชืจื•ืคืคื™ื, ื•ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžืฉืงืœ ืงืœ ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช 12 ื—ื–ืจื•ืช.
  1. 1

    ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืกืคืกืœ ื•ื”ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช

    ืกืคืกืœ ืฉื˜ื•ื— ื•ื“ื ืฉื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืข ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจืฆืคื” ื•ื”ืจืคื™ื“ื” ืื™ื ื” ื—ืœืงื”. ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื ื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ื™ืกืงื™ื ืžืชื ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืื• ืžืชืจื•ืคืคื™ื, ื•ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžืฉืงืœ ืงืœ ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช 12 ื—ื–ืจื•ืช.

  2. 2

    ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืžืขืœ ื”ื—ื–ื”

    ืฉื‘ื• ืขื ื”ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื™ืจื›ื™ื™ื, ื•ืื– ื”ื—ื–ื™ืงื• ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืฉื›ื‘ื• ืื• ืชื‘ืงืฉื• ืžื”ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืื•ืชืŸ ืืœื™ื›ื. ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื›ื™ื‘ื”, ืืœ ืชืจื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ืžื”ืจืฆืคื” ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืจืืฉ. ืชืžื›ื• ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืกืง ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื›ืคื•ืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืขื˜ืคื• ืืช ื”ืื’ื•ื“ืœ ื•ื”ืืฆื‘ืข ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ื™ื“ื™ืช.

  3. 3

    ืงื™ื‘ื•ืข ื”ืจืืฉ, ื”ื’ื‘, ื”ืื’ืŸ ื•ืฉืชื™ ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื

    ืฉื›ื‘ื• ืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ืฆื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืกืœ ื•ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืืช ื”ืจืืฉ, ื”ื’ื‘ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืจืคื™ื“ื”. ืœื—ืฅ ืืช ื›ืœ ืกื•ืœื™ื™ืช ื›ืฃ ื”ืจื’ืœ ืฉืœืš ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืจืฆืคื” ื•ืขืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืฆืœืขื•ืช ืฉืœืš ืขืœ ื”ืื’ืŸ ืฉืœืš, ื•ืžืฉืื™ืจ ืจืง ืืช ื”ืขื™ืงื•ืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื‘ ืฉืœืš.

  4. 4

    ื”ืชื—ืœ ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ืžืจืคืง ืฉืœืš

    ื”ื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ืžืขืœ ื”ื—ื–ื” ืฉืœืš ื•ืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืคืจืงื™ ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš ื™ืฉืจื™ื. ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื ืขื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืจืคืงื™ื, ื›ื•ืคืคื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื›-10-20 ืžืขืœื•ืช ื•ืฉืžืจื• ืขืœ ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ื–ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื—ื–ืจื•ืช. ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืขืœ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœืš.

  5. 5

    ื”ื•ืจื“ ืืช ื”ืจืืฉ ืœืื—ื•ืจ ืชื•ืš ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืคืœื’ ื’ื•ืฃ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข.

    ืฉืืคื• ื•ื”ื–ื™ื–ื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ืžืขืœ ื”ื—ื–ื” ืืœ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืจืืฉ ืœืžืฉืš 2-3 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช. ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื›ื•ืคืฃ ืืช ื”ืžืจืคืงื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื›ืชืคื™ื™ื, ืืš ืขืฆื•ืจ ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืฆืœืขื•ืช ืฉืœืš ืžืชืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ืื• ืฉื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืงื“ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืชืฃ ืฉืœืš ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืœื ื‘ื ื•ื—.

  6. 6

    ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ืืช ื”ื–ืจื•ืข ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืืœ ื”ื’ื•

    ื ืฉืคื• ืงืฆืจื•ืช ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืฉื—ื™ ืฉืœื›ื ืžื•ืฉืš ืืช ื”ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืื’ืŸ. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ื’ื‘ ืื• ื™ื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืžืจืคืงื™ื, ืืคืฉืจื• ืœืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ ืžืขืœ ื”ื—ื–ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ื”ื‘ืื”.

GRIP & ARC

ื”ื—ื–ืง ืžืฉืงื•ืœืช ืื—ืช ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืช ืžื”ื›ืชืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ืœื ืžื”ืžืจืคืงื™ื.

ืฉืชื™ ื›ืคื•ืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืชื•ืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืกืง ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกื™ืžื˜ืจื™, ื•ื”ืื’ื•ื“ืœ ื•ื”ืืฆื‘ืข ืžืงื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ืช. ืื ืชื ื™ื— ืจืง ืืช ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ืคื•ืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ืกืง, ื”ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชื”ืคืš ื›ืฉืชืชืขื™ื™ืคื•. ืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ืคืจืงื™ ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืืžื•ืช ื‘ืงื• ืื—ื“ ื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืžืจื›ื– ื”ืžืฉืงื•ืœืช ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื“ืจืš ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื–ื” ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง.

ืฉืžืจื• ืขืœ ื›ื™ืคื•ืฃ ื”ืžืจืคืง ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืขื“ ืœืชื—ืชื™ืช. ืื ื”ืžืจืคืงื™ื ื›ืคื•ืคื™ื ื•ืžื™ื•ืฉืจื™ื ืžืื•ื“, ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืคืš ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžืชื•ื— ืชืœืช ืจืืฉื™ ืฉื›ื™ื‘ื” ืžืืฉืจ ืกื•ื•ื“ืจ, ื•ืงืฉื” ืœืืฉืจ ืืช ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ื›ืชืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื“ื™ืช ื”ืืจื•ื›ื”. ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžืฉืงืœื™ื ืงืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืงืฉืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืจื—ืง ืžื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ื›ื‘ื“ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืขืžื“ืช ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ื•ื“ืจ ืžืฉืงื•ืœืช ืื—ื“ ืžืขืœ ื”ื—ื–ื” ื•ืžืชื—ืช ืœืจืืฉ ืขื ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ืžืจืคืง ื ืฉืžืจืช.
ืชืžื›ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžืฉืงื•ืœืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกื™ืžื˜ืจื™ ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ื—ื‘ืจื• ืืช ื”ื—ื–ื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ืžืจืคืง ืฉื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื”.

ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช: ืชืงื ื™ื ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืžื™ื“: ืžืจื›ื– ืžืช ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืงื•ืœืช, ืคืจืง ื›ืฃ ื™ื“ ื ื™ื˜ืจืœื™, ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ืžืจืคืง ืงื‘ื•ืขื”, ืงืฉืช ืžื”ื›ืชืฃ

BACK FOCUS & RANGE

ืชืจื’ื•ืœ ืžืžื•ืงื“ ื‘ื’ื‘ ื ื•ืฆืจ ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื• ื•ืœื ืœืขื•ืžืง ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™.

ื”-latissimus dorsi ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ื”ื ืขืช ื”ื–ืจื•ืข ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืœืื—ื•ืจ ื•ืœืžื˜ื” ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ืขื ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช, ืžืฉื•ืš ืืช ื”ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืื’ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืฉื—ื™. ืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืจืคืงื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš ื›ืžื• ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช.

ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉืกื•ื•ื“ืจื™ื ื”ื ืชืจื’ื™ืœ lats ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืžื—ืงืจ ืกื•ื•ื“ืจ ื”ืžืฉืงื•ืœืช ื›ืœืœ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืจืื” ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืฉืจื™ืจื™ ื”ื—ื–ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื. ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื›ืœื™ืœ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื•ืจื™ืืฆื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ืขื ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื•ืื—ื™ื–ื” ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืชืขื“ื•ืฃ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืœื ื›ืื‘ื™ื ื•ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœื—ื–ืจื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ ื’ื‘.

ืกื•ื•ื“ืจ ืžืฉืงื•ืœืช (ื’ื‘) โ€” ืชืจื’ื•ืœ ืžืžื•ืงื“ ื‘ื’ื‘ ื ื•ืฆืจ ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื• ื•ืœื ืœืขื•ืžืง ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™.
ืชืจื’ื•ืœ ืžืžื•ืงื“ ื‘ื’ื‘ ื ื•ืฆืจ ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื• ื•ืœื ืœืขื•ืžืง ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™.

TROUBLESHOOTING

ื”ืจืžืช ืฆืœืขื•ืช ื•ื›ื™ืคื•ืฃ ืžืจืคืงื™ื ื”ื ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืžืง ืื• ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ืฉืœืš

ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืจื“ื•ืช, ืงืฉืช ื”ื’ื‘ ืฉืœืš ื’ื“ืœื”, ื•ื›ืฉื”ืื’ืŸ ืฉืœืš ืžืชืจื•ืžื ืžื”ืกืคืกืœ, ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ื›ืชืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš ืžื•ื—ืœืฃ ื‘ื”ืืจื›ืช ืคืœื’ ื’ื•ืฃ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ. ืœื—ืฅ ืืช ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืืœ ื”ืจืฆืคื”, ื”ื•ืจื“ ืืช ื”ืฆืœืขื•ืช ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืจื›ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืจื“ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ืจืง ืขื“ ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ืฉื‘ื” ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ื–ื”.

ืื ื”ืžืจืคืงื™ื ืฉืœืš ืžืงื•ืคืœื™ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœืš ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื•ืžืชื™ื™ืฉืจื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืฉืืชื” ืขื•ืœื”, ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ืœืจื•ื‘ ื›ื‘ื“ ืžื“ื™ ืื• ื”ืงืฉืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ืžื“ื™. ื”ืงืœ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ืœืจื“ื•ื“. ื›ืื‘ ื—ื“ ื‘ืงื“ืžืช ื”ื›ืชืฃ ืื• ืขืงืฆื•ืฅ ืฉืžืงืจื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ื–ืจื•ืข ืื™ื ื• ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืžืชื™ื—ื”.

ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืขื ืžืชื™ื—ืช ื™ืชืจ ืžื•ืชื ื™ืช ื•ื›ื™ืคื•ืฃ ืžืจืคืง ืžื•ื’ื–ื ื‘ืกื•ื•ื“ืจ ืžืฉืงื•ืœืช ืื—ื“.
ืฉืžืจื• ืขืœ ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ื’ื• ื•ื”ืžืจืคืง ื›ืžื• ื‘ืฆื“ ืฉืžืืœ. ืืœ ืชืขืงืžื• ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ ืื• ืชืงืคืœื• ืืช ื”ืžืจืคืงื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื–ื” ืœืชืจื’ื™ืœ ืชืœืช ืจืืฉื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ืขืžื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช

ืชืงื ื• ืืช ืกื™ื‘ืช ื”ื˜ืขื•ืช, ืœื ืจืง ืืช ื”ืžืจืื” ืฉืœื”

ืชืžื›ื• ื‘ื“ื™ืกืง ื”ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืงืฆื•ืช ื”ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“

ืžื” ืจื•ืื™ื
ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ื ื•ื˜ื•ืช ืœืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื•ืคืจืงื™ ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš ื›ืคื•ืคื•ืช ืื• ืžื—ืœื™ืงื•ืช ืžื›ืคื•ืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš.
ืกื™ื‘ื” ืกื‘ื™ืจื”
ืชื ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืกื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื™ื ืื• ืฉืจืง ื”ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ืžื•ื ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ืงืฆื” ื”ื“ื™ืกืง.
ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืชืงืŸ
ืชืžื›ื• ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืกืง ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกื™ืžื˜ืจื™ ืขื ืฉืชื™ ื›ืคื•ืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืขื˜ืคื• ืืช ื”ืื’ื•ื“ืœ ื•ื”ืืฆื‘ืข ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ื™ื“ื™ืช. ืื ืืชื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื—ืจื“ื”, ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืงื•ืœืช ืงืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื”ืžืจืคืงื™ื ื›ืคื•ืคื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช

ืžื” ืจื•ืื™ื
ื”ื•ืจื“ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ื ื•ื™ื™ืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืžืจืคืงื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืงื” ื›ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื.
ืกื™ื‘ื” ืกื‘ื™ืจื”
ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœ ืงืฉืชื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช, ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืžื™ื ื•ืฃ ืขื ืชื ื•ืขืช ืžืจืคืงื™ื.
ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืชืงืŸ
ื”ื•ืจื™ื“ื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ื•ื”ืขื•ืžืง ื•ืฉืžืจื• ืขืœ ื›ื™ืคื•ืฃ ื”ืžืจืคืง ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉื™ืฆืจืชื ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื–ืจื”.

ื”ืฆืœืขื•ืช ื•ื”ืื’ืŸ ืžื•ืจืžื•ืช

ืžื” ืจื•ืื™ื
ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืจืืฉ, ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื’ื‘ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ืจื›ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš ื™ื•ืจื“ื•ืช ืžื”ืกืคืกืœ.
ืกื™ื‘ื” ืกื‘ื™ืจื”
ื”ื›ืชืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš ืžื•ื ืžื›ื•ืช ืขืžื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืฉืœืš, ืื• ืฉื”ืžืชื— ื”ื‘ื˜ืŸ ืฉืœืš ืžื•ืงืœ.
ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืชืงืŸ
ืœื—ืฅ ืืช ื›ืคื•ืช ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืืœ ื”ืจืฆืคื”, ื”ื•ืจื“ ืืช ื”ืฆืœืขื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืคืœื’ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืจืง ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื•.

ื›ืชืคื™ื™ื ื ืžืฉื›ื•ืช ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืื•ื–ื ื™ื™ื

ืžื” ืจื•ืื™ื
ื”ืฆื•ื•ืืจ ืžืชืงืฆืจ ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืงื“ืžื™ ื•ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืชืฃ ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ ืœื—ืฅ ืื• ืœื—ืฅ.
ืกื™ื‘ื” ืกื‘ื™ืจื”
ื—ืกืจ ืœืš ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื›ืชืคื™ื™ื ืื• ืฉื”ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ ื•ืืชื” ืžืื‘ื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœ ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืžื•ืช ืฉืœืš.
ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืชืงืŸ
ื”ืคื—ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืžืง ืฉืœืš ื•ืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฆื•ื•ืืจ ืืจื•ืš. ืื ื›ืื‘ ื—ื“ ื—ื•ื–ืจ, ื”ืคืกืง ืœื”ืชืืžืŸ.

ืฉื ื” ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงืคืฆืช ื”ืžืฉืงื•ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื–ื” ืฉืœืš.

ืžื” ืจื•ืื™ื
ื”ืžืฉืงื•ืœืช ืžืชื ื“ื ื“ืช ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืื– ื ื•ืคืœืช ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืจืืฉ ืฉืœืš.
ืกื™ื‘ื” ืกื‘ื™ืจื”
ืงื˜ืข ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ืฉืžื˜ ื›ื™ ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืื• ืฉื”ืื—ื™ื–ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขื™ื™ืคื”.
ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืชืงืŸ
ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ืฉืœืš ืœืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืื—ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื–ื” ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืจื“ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืœืžืฉืš 2-3 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช. ืื ื”ืื—ื™ื–ื” ืฉืœืš ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืจื•ืขื“ืช, ืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื˜.

ื”ืงืœื” ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช

ื”ืชืื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืขื•ืžืก

01

ื–ืจื•ืข ื™ืฉืจื” ืจืฆื•ืขื” ืœืžื˜ื”

ืœืžื“ ืืช ื“ืคื•ืก ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื‘ืจืฆื•ืขื” ืงืœื”, ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืจืคืงื™ื ื‘ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ื•ืฉืœื™ื—ืช ื”ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื•.

02

ืกื•ื•ื“ืจ ืžืฉืงื•ืœืช ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืงืฆืจ

ืชืจื’ืœ ืืช ื”ืื—ื™ื–ื” ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื’ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื•ืจื“ืช ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ืงืœื•ืช ืžืขืœ ื”ื—ื–ื” ืฉืœืš ื‘ืขืจืš ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืžืฆื—.

03

ืกื•ื•ื“ืจ ืžืฉืงื•ืœืช ืื—ื“ ื ืฉืœื˜

ื”ื•ืจื“ ืืช ืคืœื’ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš ืœืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ ืœืžืฉืš 2-3 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืื– ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืงืฉืช.

04

ืกื•ื•ื“ืจ ื”ืคืกืงื” ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืื—ืช

ื”ืฉื”ื” ืœืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืงืฆื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ื ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื›ืื‘ ื•ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ื–ืจื•ืข ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืœื’ื• ืœืœื ืจืชื™ืขื”.

ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื

ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืœื”ืชื—ืœื”

ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• 1-2 ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื›ืชื ื•ืขืช ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื‘ ืื• ื”ื—ื–ื” ืฉืœืš, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื›ืชืจื’ื™ืœ ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืžื—ืœื™ืฃ ืžืฉื™ื›ื•ืช ืื• ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืื ื›ื™ื•ืช. ื”ืชื—ืœ ืขื ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ืงืœื•ืช, ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœ-12-15 ื—ื–ืจื•ืช, ื”ืฉืืจ 2-3 ื—ื–ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืื—ื™ื–ื”, ื”ืžืจืคืงื™ื ื•ื”ืฆืœืขื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืชื ื•ื—ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื—ื–ืจื”.

ืžึดืกืคึผึธืจ

8-15 ืคืขืžื™ื

ืื•ืชื• ืขื•ืžืง ื•ืงืฉืช ืœืœื ื›ืื‘.

ืžึทืขึฒืจึถื›ึถืช

2-3 ืกื˜ื™ื

ื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ 60-120 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื˜ื™ื

ืžึฐื”ึดื™ืจื•ึผืช

ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ 2-3 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช, ื”ืคืกืงื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืื—ืช, ื—ื–ืจื” ืฉืœ 1-2 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช

ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ืฉืœืš ืขืœ ื”ื—ื–ื”

  • ืื ื”ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ื ื•ื˜ื•ืช ื•ื”ืจืืฉ, ื”ื’ื‘, ืžื’ืข ื”ืื’ืŸ ื•ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ืžืจืคืง ื ืฉืžืจื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ื—ื–ืจื•ืช, ื”ื•ืกืฃ ื—ื–ืจื” ืื—ืช ืœืคื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื‘ืื”.
  • ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื’ืขืช ืœื—ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ืขื“ ืฉืœืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืกื˜, ื”ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืžืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืขื•ืžืง ื‘ืžืฉืงืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื’ื‘.
  • ืืœ ืชืฉืคื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ืฆืœื—ืชืš ืจืง ืœืคื™ ื”ืื ืืชื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืขื™ื™ืฃ ื‘ื’ื‘ ืื• ืœื. ืื ืืชื” ื—ื•ื•ื” ื›ืื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ืชืฃ โ€‹โ€‹ืงื“ืžื™ืช, ื—ื•ืกืจ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืง ื›ืฃ ื”ื™ื“ ืื• ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืชื ื”ืžื˜ืขืŸ, ื”ื•ืจื“ ืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืื• ื”ืžืฉืงืœ.

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช

ื”ืื ืขืœื™ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ืœื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืจืฆืคื”?

ืœึนื. ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื ืฉืžืจื™ื ื”ืฆืœืขื•ืช ื•ื”ืื’ืŸ ื•ื—ืœืงื” ื”ืงื“ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืชืฃ ืจื’ื•ืข. ืื ืคืœื’ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืจื•ืžื ืื• ืฉื”ืžืจืคืงื™ื ืฉืœืš ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื›ื•ืคืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืขืฆื•ืจ ื ืžื•ืš ืžื–ื”.

ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื” ื“ื™ืกืง ืืชื” ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช?

ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืกืง ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื ืชืžืš ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื›ืคื•ืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืื’ื•ื“ืœ ื•ื”ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ื›ืจื•ื›ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ื™ื“ื™ืช. ืื ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืžืฉืงื•ืœืช ืžืงืฉื” ืขืœ ืžืชืŸ ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืื• ืื ื”ื“ื™ืกืง ืžืชื ื“ื ื“, ืืœ ืชืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืงื•ืœืช.

ืžื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืžื”ืกื•ื•ื“ืจ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ืฉืชื™ ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช?

ื•ืจื™ืืฆื™ื™ืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื”ื—ื–ืงืช ืžืฉืงื•ืœืช ืื—ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆื‘ ืืช ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ ื•ื”ื™ืžื ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™. ื•ืจื™ืืฆื™ื” ื–ื• ืชื•ืžื›ืช ื‘ืžืฉืงื•ืœืช ืื—ืช ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื, ื›ืš ืฉืกื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืœื”, ืืš ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืฉืงื•ืœืช ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ืš, ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืื—ื™ื–ื” ื•ื”ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืฉืœืš ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืจืื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช

  1. 1. MarchettiยทUchida - Pectoralis major, ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืจื™ืจื™ latissimus dorsi ื•ื–ืจื•ืข ืžื•ืžื ื˜ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืกื•ื•ื“ืจ
  2. 2. Pallares et al. - ืกืงื™ืจืช ืกืคืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ืช ื•ืžื˜ื”-ืื ืœื™ื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืื“ืคื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ื•ื—ื™ ืชื ื•ืขื” ืฉืœ ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช
  3. 3. ืขืœื™ื–ืื“ื” ื•ื—ื‘'. - ืกืงื™ืจืช ืกืคืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ืช ื•ืžื˜ื”-ืื ืœื™ื–ื” ืขืœ ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ื•ื˜ื•ื•ื—ื™ ืชื ื•ืขื” ืžืคืจืงื™ื
  4. 4. Aasa et al. - ืกืงื™ืจื” ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ื•ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช

ื’ืœื• ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื